Earthworm & Worm Composting Resource Suggestions

Three things are essential to the composting process: moisture, temperature, and oxygen. The micro-organisms present in composting systems thrive on oxygen, and worms breathe through their skins, so there must be sufficient oxygen in their habitat to sustain them. If you’ve ever seen worms out on the sidewalk during a downpour, this is why – their normal underground habitat has become saturated with water and they can no longer breathe there.

Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Bacteria

Aerobic bacteria require a lot of oxygen and moisture to survive, and they do not give off a bad odor. This is the kind of bacteria that should be prevalent in your vermicomposter – they help worms break down food and thrive in the same conditions that worms enjoy. If your vermicomposter gets too wet and does not have enough oxygen in it, anaerobic bacteria will take over. These are the bacteria that give off a terrible odor. If you notice that your bin smells bad or is too wet, it means the anaerobic bacteria have moved in and set up a home. For information on how to correct a smelly or waterlogged bin, see Worm Bin Moisture.

Adding Oxygen to Your Worm Bin

In order to increase the oxygen in your worm bin, add materials that promote aeration and drainage. These can include pumice, coconut coir, and small chunks of cardboard or paper egg cartons.

You can also “stir” your composted material, food, and bedding with a gardening hand fork or your fingers to loosen up clumps and increase airflow.

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